generated by chatgpt

Read this following quickly then go to the end of the article for further details

Quick view

Browser-Side

1. URL Parsing

   • Breakdown of the URL into protocol, domain, path, query parameters, and fragment identifiers.

2. DNS Lookup

   • Conversion of domain name into an IP address using DNS.

3. Browser Cache

   • Check if the requested resource is available in the browser's local cache.

4. TCP/IP Handshake

   • Establishment of a connection between the client and server via a three-way handshake.

5. SSL/TLS Handshake

   • Secure connection establishment if HTTPS is used.

6. HTTP Request Formation

   • Construction of the HTTP request including headers, method (GET, POST, etc.), and body.

7. HTTP/2 and HTTP/3 Protocol

   • Understanding of multiplexing, header compression, and how different HTTP versions improve performance.

8. Cookie Handling

   • Management of cookies for maintaining sessions, tracking, and stateful interactions.

9. Request Headers

   • Addition of headers like User-Agent, Accept, Authorization, etc., to the request.

10. CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing)

    • Handling requests that require cross-origin access and understanding of CORS policies.

Network-Side

11. DNS Server

    • The role of DNS servers in resolving domain names to IP addresses.

12. CDN (Content Delivery Network)

    • Serving cached content from a location closest to the user to reduce latency.

13. Load Balancer

    • Distributing incoming traffic across multiple servers to ensure reliability and scalability.

14. Firewall/Security Appliances

    • Ensuring secure traffic routing and filtering out potential threats.

Server-Side

15. Web Server

    • Handling HTTP requests, serving static files, and forwarding dynamic requests to application servers.

16. Reverse Proxy

    • Intermediate server that forwards requests to backend servers, often used for load balancing and caching.

17. Application Server

    • Running backend code, handling business logic, and serving dynamic content.

18. Framework

    • Understanding the framework (e.g., Express, Django, Spring) used for handling requests, middleware, and routing.

19. Language Runtime

    • Execution of backend code in the respective environment (e.g., Node.js, JVM, Python interpreter).

20. Database Interaction

    • Querying and retrieving data from databases (SQL/NoSQL), including connection pooling and query optimization.

21. Caching Layer

    • Use of in-memory stores (e.g., Redis, Memcached) for reducing database load and improving response times.

22. Session Management

    • Handling user sessions, often using server-side storage or tokens like JWT.

23. API Gateway

    • Managing and routing API requests, often including rate limiting, logging, and monitoring.

Post-Processing

24. HTTP Response Formation

    • Construction of the HTTP response including status codes, headers, and body content.

25. Browser Rendering

    • Parsing HTML/CSS/JavaScript, executing scripts, and rendering the final page in the browser.

Understanding these components and how they interact helps FE and BE developers optimize performance, improve security, and enhance the overall user experience.

Further reading

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dh406O2v_1c
2. https://dev.to/judevector/what-happens-when-you-type-googlecom-in-your-browser-and-press-enter-4a2n#:~:text=The%20browser%20seeks%20to%20translate,IP%20address%20for%20Google's%20server.
3. Use chatgpt to understand each of these things in depth