These words are from Bhagavad Gita Chapter 13, Verse 8, and are part of the broader description of knowledge or 'jnanam' given by Lord Krishna. This verse is the beginning of a series of verses that provide a list of 20 qualities that are considered virtues of wisdom, or 'jnanam'.

Here's the breakdown of each term:

  1. Amānitvam: This translates to "humility" or the absence of pride. It means not seeking recognition or approval for oneself and being humble in one's demeanor.

  2. Adambhitvam: This refers to "unpretentiousness" or the absence of hypocrisy. It means being genuine in actions and intentions and not being showy or deceitful.

  3. Ahinsā: This means "non-violence." It refers not just to physical non-violence, but also mental and verbal. It means not causing harm to any living being through thought, word, or deed.

  4. Kṣhāntiḥ: This means "forbearance" or "patience". It is the ability to endure hardship, difficulty, or provocation without feeling resentment or revenge.

  5. Ārjavam: This translates to "uprightness" or "integrity". It implies being honest and straightforward in one's dealings, without any trace of dishonesty or deceptiveness.

  6. Āchāryopāsanaṁ: This refers to "service to the teacher". It means having respect for one's teachers and gurus and serving them with devotion.

  7. Śhauchaṁ: This translates to "purity", both internal and external. External purity refers to cleanliness of the body and one's surroundings, while internal purity refers to the cleanliness of mind – being free from malice, envy and other negative emotions.

  8. Sthairyam: This refers to "steadfastness" or "perseverance". It means remaining firm and resolute in one's purpose and duties, despite difficulties and obstacles.

  9. Ātma-vinigrahaḥ: This means "self-control". It refers to the ability to control one's senses and desires, and not be swayed by them.

These qualities, as per the Bhagavad Gita, are the marks of a person who possesses true wisdom. They are the ideals to strive for in order to attain self-realization and liberation, the ultimate goals of life as per Hindu philosophy.

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